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HMS Foudroyant (1798)
HMS ''Foudroyant'' was an 80-gun third rate of the Royal Navy, one of only two British-built 80-gun ships of the period (the other was HMS Caesar (1793)). ''Foudroyant'' was built in the dockyard at Plymouth Dock (a.k.a. Devonport) and launched on 31 March 1798.〔Goodwin (p.179) gives the launch date for ''Foudroyant'' as 31 March, 25 May, and 31 August. The text highlights this discrepancy and attributes the August date to Lyon's ''Sailing Navy List'', published in 1993. Dates given for commissioning and other movements, which are taken from the ship's logs, indicate that the March date is correct. A painting depicting the launch, dated 25 May 1798, adds further confusion, though it is not clear from the text if the date represents the launching or the date the painting was finished.〕 ''Foudroyant'' served Nelson as his flagship from 6 June 1799 until the end of June 1801.
''Foudroyant'' had a long and successful career, and although she was not involved in any major fleet action, she did provide invaluable service to numerous admirals throughout her 17 years on active service. In her last years she became a training vessel for boys.
==Design==
Her designer was Sir John Henslow.〔 She was named after the 80-gun , which and , both 70-gun ships, and (64 guns), had captured from the French on 28 February 1758.
''Foudroyant'' was a one-off design. She followed French practice of favouring large two-decked, third rates mounting 80 guns rather than the typical British preference for building three-decked second-rate ships mounting 98 guns. The two ship types, despite the difference in absolute gun numbers, had similar gun power but the British thought the second rate had a more imposing appearance and some advantages in battle, while they considered the 80 gun ship as usually faster and less 'leewardly'.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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